Media Theories

Theories of media language: 
-Barthes will be relevant to any connotative analysis.
-Neale will be relevant to any consideration of genre.
-Levi-Strauss and Todorov will be relevant to any study of narrative. 
-Baudrillard will be relevant to any intertextual product.
Theories of industry:
-Curran and Seaton will be relevant to the ownership and control of any media industry studied.
-Livingstone and Lunt will be relevant to regulation.
-Hesmondalgh will be relevant to the study of any cultural industry.
Theories of representation:
-Hall will be relevant to any representation in which power operates or to exploring how representations may be contested.
-Gauntlett will be relevant to any representations that offer complex and contradictory images.
-Van Zoonen, Hooks and Butler will be relevant to any representations of race, class, sexuality and gender.
-Gilory will be relevant to any representation of race and ethnicity (i.e. all representations of people) and of Western culture.
Theories of audience:
-Bandura and Gerbner will be relevant to any discussion of media effects .
-Hall will be relevant to any discussion of decoding 
-Jenkins and Shirky will be relevant to any online 'participatory culture' with amateur producers'. 

NEALE 
-genre is not fixed, but constantly evolve with each new addition to the generic corpus (the body of products in a genre), often playing with genre codes and conventions or becoming hybrids with genres.
Genre:
-Deutschland 83- drama,history,romance, thriller 
-Stranger Things- drama, fantasy, horror,mystery,sci-fi,thriller
-Limitations of genre theory- genre does not exist, it is irrelevant and people do not choose to watch TV shows because of the genre. There are other factors- such as actors, production companies and channels. -linked to genre in a way?

LEVI-STRAUSS
-the system of myths and fables was rules by a structure of opposing term, e.g. hot-cold, male-female, culture-nature, raw-cooked. 
Oppositions:
-Deutschland 83- East vs West, men vs women, domestic vs national commitments, young vs old.
-Stranger Things- men vs women, old vs young, rich vs poor.
-Limitations of structuralism theory- binary oppositions do not always apply, there is not always conflict in LFTVD- do you really need the opposite of something to understand the text? 

GILROY
-Britain expresses itself through criminalising immigrants and an 'us vs them' approach to the world founded on the belief in the inherent superiority of white western civilisation.
-There is a lack of ethnic minorities in both Deutschland 83 and Stranger Things.
-Limitations of ethnicity and postcolonial theory- does not consider other inequalities. 

CURRAN AND SEATON 
-Narrowing of the range of opinions represented and a pursuit of profit at the expense of quality or creativity.
-Limitations of power and media industries theory- does not consider language or audience choices, but meaning is suggested to be completely determined by the producers.

LIVINGSTONE AND LUNT
-Traditional regulation is being put at risk by: increasingly globalised media industries, the rise of the digital media, and media convergence.
-Limitations of regulation theory- this study has based purely on OFCOM and therefore can only be applied to a British audience.

BANDURA 
-The media can influence people directly- human values, judgement and conduct can be altered directly by media modelling. 
Limitations of social learning theory- people are too savvy these days and do not get easily affected by the media. 

GERBNER
-Heavy users of television were more likely, for example, to develop 'mean world syndrome'.
-Limitations of cultivation theory- people are too savvy these days and do not get easily affected by the media. -also, Stuart Hall's Theory

HOOKS
-Black women should develop an 'oppositional gaze' that refuses to identify with characters.
Limitations of feminist theory- this is a general theory and does not specifically apply to LFTVD. -like most of the theories.